Ceratopteris spores, like fucoid zygotes, divide unequally to produce a small rhizoid cell and a larger cell that develops into the thallus. |
The receptacle remains on the thallus surface until the receptacle's sporophytes approach maturity. |
In addition to the algae in lichens, bacteria are invariably associated with the lichen thallus. |
A section through the thallus of Nephroma helvetica, showing the cortices, upper and lower, and the mycelial medulla within. |
The plant form of the thallophytes is an undifferentiated thallus lacking true roots, stems, and leaves. |
Isidia are extensions of the surface of the thallus and may be cylindrical, globular, brachiate or lobula. |