| The structural studies of the ascocarp and of truffle population dynamics using the techniques of molecular biology make it possible to describe the biological cycle of the truffle in detail. |
| These observations suggest that overwintering is necessary for ascocarp development, completing the life cycle, perpetuating the species and providing a source of inoculum for infection in the next season. |
| In other words, the ascocarp is closed but for an ostiole at the distal end. |
| The group 342 is characterized by a special type of ascocarp, the perithecium. |
| Leptodothiorella state: microconidial state pycnidial, resembling the pycnidia of the Phyllosticta state in general morphology, usually developing prior to ascocarp formation. |
