| Numerous efforts by the police to evict people, including forcibly removing them to the Transkei and Ciskei, failed to stem the flow of people to the area. |
| The Ciskei had non-Xhosa-speaking white psychiatrists who depended on interpreters. |
| During apartheid, the lower reaches formed the western boundary of the nominally independent Ciskei homeland. |
| Bongani Blessing Finca is director of Lovedale Press in the Ciskei, South Africa. |
| The 184,000 hectare property on the eastern banks of the Fish River fell within the then Ciskei region, a former Bantustan homeland during the apartheid administration. |
| Anybody who doubts this need only travel along the South Coast in the old Transkei and Ciskei, where traditional leaders still rule. |
