Fungal pathogens come from two main groups of fungi, the ascomycetes and the basidiomycetes. |
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In response to infectious pathogens or their by-products, monocytes and macrophages generate and release proinflammatory cytokines. |
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Many pathogens use sugar groups of surface glycoproteins, in particular sialic acid residues, as receptors for invasion. |
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More than a nuisance, fleas and ticks can transmit a host of pathogens and skin diseases to humans and their furry counterparts. |
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Chemical toxins differ from biological weapons in that they are nonliving pathogens and require direct infection and contact with the victim. |
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We all know that baking soda does a great job deodorizing the fridge and cleaning teeth, but battling plant pathogens? |
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Sputum and tissue cultures usually reveal staphylococcal or streptococcal organisms as causative pathogens. |
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The mucociliary apparatus, normally an important defense mechanism used to clear potential pathogens, can be severely damaged by smoking. |
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Competition between rhizosphere bacteria and fungal pathogens for nutrients has also been identified as a biocontrol mechanism. |
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The large white blood cells known as macrophages are the body's defence mechanism against invading pathogens. |
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A couple of years from now, there may be as many as 70 pathogens whose genetic code has been cracked. |
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We kept only yearling males to minimize preexposure to the pathogens used in this study. |
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If conditions turn wet in May to early June when most soybeans are planted, the fungal pathogens involved in damping off will surely be active. |
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Used compost, clinging to pots and trays, can harbour all manner of soil-borne pathogens, including the fungal spores that cause damping off. |
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Idaho Technology offers high quality, freeze-dried, ready-to-use reagents for the detection and identification of pathogens and biothreat agents. |
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In pathogens, there are multiple and independently regulated pectate lyase isoenzymes which are encoded by different genes. |
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Beyond polio and guinea worm, the current list of potentially eradicable human pathogens is quite short. |
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This receptor kinase can recognize a structure on bacterial pathogens called flagellin that makes the bacteria motile. |
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The inevitable anomaly exists as to how pathogens invade plants containing potentially toxic levels of constitutive antifungal compounds. |
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Many types of viral and bacterial pathogens that grow in the gut of infected people may contaminate water and food. |
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Most other plant residues can be composted, if you have a well-maintained compost pile which generates enough heat to kill disease pathogens. |
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Streptococci and enterococci are the most frequent pathogens causing infective endocarditis. |
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However, not all diseases have good animal models, and some pathogens will infect no other species but humans. |
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Nectrotrophic pathogens commonly produce phytotoxins that are essential for pathogenicity and cause plant cell death. |
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More than 200 sexually transmitted pathogens have been reported in animals covering a wide phylogenetic range. |
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Group A streptococci are the most important human pathogens causing acute pyogenic infections such as pharyngitis and pyoderma. |
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Saprophytic parasitic fungal pathogens like fairy ring survive primarily on dead organic residues found in thatch. |
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The fungi also coat tree roots, protecting against microbial pathogens and drought. |
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Pattern recognition receptors recognise structures common to many microbial pathogens. |
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Both pathogens can colonise the intestines of beef cattle and get into the food chain during slaughter at the abattoir. |
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These, similarly, do not support combination therapy for specific pathogens, when detected. |
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Like their hosts, the plant pathogens are also of foreign origin and are thus kept in quarantine. |
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Known ocular pathogens include bacteria, fungi, and also protozoans such as amoebae, for example the acanthamoebae. |
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The only benefit of wound dressings is to prevent introduction of pathogens in the specific cases of Dutch elm disease and oak wilt. |
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A part of the stool sample was processed for the detection of bacterial pathogens. |
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In 1997, 2436 faeces samples from patients of gastroenteritis were processed for enteric pathogens. |
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Our laboratory does not receive samples from patients with infective diarrhoea caused by other enteric pathogens. |
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Such changes may also happen within a class, especially for bacterial pathogens. |
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The USDA will ask meat plants to use additional techniques to kill pathogens, such as steam pasteurization. |
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Tuberculosis is among humankind's most successful pathogens, and yet we know relatively little of its aerobiology. |
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Numerous investigators have studied the etiologic pathogens associated with otitis media in children. |
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The etiologic spectrum of pathogens was broad, including opportunistic as well as bacterial agents. |
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Thanks to pasteurization, the risk to consumers of pathogens in milk is very low. |
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Enteroviruses, including coxsackieviruses and echoviruses, are important viral pathogens in humans, causing a variety of diseases. |
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Plants have developed elaborate mechanisms to protect themselves from invading pathogens and aggressors. |
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Public-health history has emphasized the importance of efforts to control pathogens. |
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Yet many open-pollinated and hybrid varieties that have no listed disease resistances do have good resistance to certain pathogens. |
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Additionally, the project has shown the potential for using fungal pathogens to control other African weeds, including speargrass and witchweed. |
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For microbiologie cultures, fresh stool is preferred to rectal swabs in which the pathogens are less in number. |
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Concern has centered on the risk of introducing novel pathogens derived from animals into human recipients of xenografts. |
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Diarrhoea often occurs in the absence of recognised pathogens in the stool, and metronidazole has relieved symptoms in some cases. |
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The most recently released agents have significant antimicrobial activity against gram-positive streptococci, atypical pathogens and anaerobes. |
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The presence of a commensal parasite that can display mutualism within a clade of known pathogens suggests dynamic evolutionary interactions. |
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Trypanosomes are unicellular protists and human pathogens responsible for African sleeping sickness and Chagas' disease. |
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The most common pathogens were coagulase negative staphylococci, escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. |
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The gene content of chromosomal segments conditioning quantitative resistance to multiple pathogens was inspected. |
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Hypersensitivity responses play a major role in plant resistance to pathogens. |
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Fluorescent pseudomonads and other plant pathogens are generally not known to be naturally transformable. |
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They also have antifungal, antiviral and antibacterial properties against pathogens. |
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Proteins in the milk of Australia's marsupials may hold secrets to fighting off deadly pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant staph. |
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Labs are rated on a scale of one to four, four being the highest level of containment where the nastiest, most virulent pathogens are handled. |
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Their work may help other scientists who are investigating the virulence of other major food-borne pathogens. |
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Symptoms and signs of influenza in children are not specific and can mimic a range of other common respiratory viral pathogens. |
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Today the Yamuna is a mass of vinyls, cynides, zincs, mercury, lead, flyash, waste oil, fecal coliform and pathogens. |
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These factors lead to either inhalation or aspiration of pathogens into the respiratory tract. |
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Current research in molecular biology is aimed at finding out why cholera vibrios are such potent pathogens. |
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It would place veterinarians on alert and hire more guards at laboratories researching food pathogens. |
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The leukocytes eventually destroy the pathogens by phagocytosis and lysosomal fusion that expose bacteria to lytic enzymes. |
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Even our fruits and vegetables get contaminated by these pathogens through exposure to tainted fertilizers and sewage sludge. |
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In many infections, autophagy also helps digest pathogens and clear them away. |
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They played an important role as intermediate hosts or vectors of pathogens causing diseases to man and pet animals. |
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What education has the tattooer had regarding blood borne pathogens and the elimination of cross contamination? |
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Insects may transmit viral or bacterial diseases, or they may injure plants, providing entry points for pathogens. |
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Surface water harbours pathogens and the insect vectors of infectious diseases. |
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With row after row of cacao trees vulnerable to attack, plantations provide ample breeding grounds for pathogens. |
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Many human pathogens, including influenza viruses, possess neuraminidase enzymes. |
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Broad-spectrum coverage is likely to combat the pathogens that can cause necrotizing soft tissue infections. |
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Many rhizosphere fungi, including mycorrhizal fungi, are able to suppress soil-borne plant pathogens. |
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Other pathogens including fungal and mycobacterial infections also may cause infectious bronchiolitis. |
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Much work is needed before we can reach some safe conclusions on how, why, and when symbionts such as bacteria act as pathogens or mutualists. |
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All mice were housed in a pathogen-free barrier facility in which sentinel mice were periodically monitored for common murine pathogens. |
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Complement molecules can function as opsonins in the recognition of bacterial pathogens and in their elimination by phagocytosis of the bound complexes. |
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Bacterial pathogens include gonorrhea which can cause blindness in a matter of hours, and chlamydia. |
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Water-borne pathogens are not stored but destroyed by wetlands. |
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Future trials should also examine long term outcomes, recurrence rate, long term survival, and the development of resistant pathogens, particularly with quinolones. |
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Latex agglutination, while quick, simple, and sensitive, is not recommended for routine use as pathogens cannot be ruled out by a negative test result. |
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Most grain mold pathogens become associated with the kernel in the field but can grow within the colonized kernel and even spread to adjacent kernels during storage. |
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When antibiotics active against atypical pathogens were used, only pneumonia related to legionella showed a statistically significant improvement in outcome. |
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Diagnosis of infection therefore relies heavily on clinical parameters, with the aid of blood, surface, or tissue cultures to identify likely pathogens. |
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The reason they were not included in this study was the known methodologic difficulty in diagnosing acute infection with these pathogens by serologic methods. |
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The lung is constantly exposed to a broad spectrum of environmental toxins, including microbiologic pathogens and their products, particulate matter, and ozone. |
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No road can be engineered to collect all pathogens, trash, and toxics the road generates so that none of these materials enter adjacent waterways. |
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It is produced naturally in plants in response to pathogens, which may be more common in organic vegetables because they are not treated with pesticides. |
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It purportedly screens for pathogens involved in disease or biowarfare. |
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Cultures were negative for bacterial, fungal, and mycobacterial pathogens. |
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I paged through descriptions of the dead cities that pathogens had left behind. |
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Because of their bovine family ties, cattle and buffalo turn out to be vulnerable to many of the same pathogens, such as foot-and-mouth disease and bovine tuberculosis. |
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However, this practice does potentially expose hunters to the pathogens carried on these animals. |
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The pathogens always will win, though we can feel good now and again having won a battle. |
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What it does is it breaks down the immune system and creates openings for pathogens. |
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It gets more and more difficult to remove the pathogens through hand washing. |
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The finely porous membranes are designed to allow the flow of water between adjacent vessels while preventing the passage of gas bubbles and pathogens. |
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Importers want their products cleared quickly but fungi and other plant pathogens like bacteria and viruses don't always like to reveal themselves. |
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The scientists' next step, for most pathogens, is to collect the spores. |
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To diagnose or rule out sepsis, doctors draw blood, and sometimes examine cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids, to look for bacteria or other pathogens. |
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In trials, ambulances that had just come off duty were swabbed and results showed every vehicle was contaminated with a variety of pathogens, including bacteria and fungi. |
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Some rogue pathogens seem to be freely circulating in that county. |
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Why rely on pasteurisation if pathogens can be killed using gamma rays? |
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Crowding also reduces air circulation, allowing moisture to remain on plants long enough to allow fungal and bacterial pathogens to infect plants. |
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Protocols for detection of a vast variety of infective agents including viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens can be found in the literature. |
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The authors conclude that the presence of pathogens in the lower airways was associated with the level of inflammation, respiratory compliance, and gas trapping. |
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This combination of mulch and pinching leaves will help keep soil-borne disease pathogens from splashing up onto plant leaves during rain storms or watering. |
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In contrast, the process of extracting and producing biological pathogens, which are spontaneously generated in nature, is not nearly as demanding. |
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Antemortem stool cultures were negative for enteric pathogens. |
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Secretory diarrhoea is a common disorder in developing countries, where pathogens that produce enterotoxin such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are endemic. |
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It is pertinent to ask how the expression of these exoenzymes only at high cell density in wild-type cells may contribute to the success of Erwinia species as plant pathogens. |
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Houseflies are known to carry at least 100 different pathogens and they are vectors for at least 65 of these. |
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It has been shown that larvae with higher amounts of iridoid glycosides have better defense against parasitoids and bacterial pathogens. |
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This allows leucocytes and macrophages to phagocytose the area of cell debris and pathogens. |
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They seem to be highly resistant to many of the pathogens they carry, suggesting a degree of adaptation to bats' immune systems. |
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Lactates and diacetates are the chemical antimicrobials used in commercial hotdog formulations to inhibit the development of foodborne pathogens. |
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A genetic locus of enterocyte effacement conserved among diverse enterobacterial pathogens. |
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In March, the company launched the BioArmour Blood Pressure Cuff Shield to mitigate the spread of infectious pathogens from blood pressure cuffs. |
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Mosquitoes, sand flies, ticks, mites, and other biting arthropods transmit pathogens that cause some of the most devastating diseases. |
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Many mushroom pathogens are resistant to benzimidazole fungicides or are increasingly tolerant to prochloraz. |
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Protozoal pathogens include Cryptosporidiosis, Isosporiasis, Microsporidiosis, Pnemocystis Carinii Pneumonia and Toxoplasmosis. |
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Now, in a new article, researchers propose that deep sleep may also strengthen immunological memories of previously encountered pathogens. |
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This broad new patent is central to the use of nucleic acid binding compounds to inactivate pathogens in red blood cells. |
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Secondly, probably pathogens or allelopathetic substances may have accumulated in the central zones. |
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Meningococci, group A streptococci, Pneumococci and Varicella are the various bacterial and viral pathogens implicated. |
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University of Wisconsin-Madison is arming itself with more faculty to battle food-borne pathogens. |
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Mycogen has isolated Bt strains toxic to non-insect organisms such as protozoan pathogens, mites and liver flukes. |
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The use of pathogens such as Salmonella has the drawback that they can infect man and domestic animals, and rodents often become resistant. |
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Joleah Lamb found that seagrass meadows may be able to remove various disease pathogens from seawater. |
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Autoclaving is a process that treats medical waste with steam at high temperature and pressure to kill pathogens. |
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Amastigotes could be differentiated from other intracellular pathogens by visualizing the nucleus and kinetoplast surrounded by a cell wall. |
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Depuration of oysters can remove moderate levels of contamination of most bacterial indicators and pathogens. |
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Avelox provides excellent coverage of the common respiratory pathogens and demonstrates a low level of antibiotic resistance. |
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The Yersinia species of pathogens can cause the bubonic plague and serious gastrointestinal infections in humans. |
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Yeasts of the genus Malassezia serve as both commensal microorganisms and pathogens on the skin of humans and domestic animals. |
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It also raised collateral questions about these pathogens in acidified foods such as pickles. |
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Members of the genus Blastocrithidia are common pathogens of dipterans, hemipterans, and siphonapterans. |
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Introduced pathogens have devastated island species due to isolation from the mainland. |
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Bacterial pathogens and commensal strains were isolated, identified and antibiotyped. |
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An examination of human and Neanderthal genomes and adaptations regarding pathogens or parasites may shed light on this issue. |
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Superoxide dismutase is like an antioxidant that neutralizes the superoxides so that the pathogens can continue to grow. |
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The undissociated forms of the acetic and lactic acids at low pH exhibit inhibitory activities against a wide range of pathogens. |
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Noroviruses are major pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis among persons in all age groups. |
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A broad, sensitive test for pathogens that detects the presence of infectious material rather than antibodies is therefore highly desirable. |
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Nitric oxide is toxic to bacteria, tumour cells in presence of cytokines and other human pathogens. |
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Some naturally occurring yeasts may be useful for protecting stone fruits against pathogens that attack after the fruit is harvested. |
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The Gram stain identifies the bacterial groups Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, both of which contain many significant human pathogens. |
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We are anxious to test the BioSentry's effectiveness in detecting Cryptosporidium and other water pathogens. |
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Aspiration of colonised intestinal and oropharynx secretions is also a significant source of infective pathogens in the lungs. |
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Chytrid fungi are common pathogens of plants and insects but had never before been known to attack vertebrates. |
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At mussel refuges, the risk to introduce pathogens is compounded by the need for host fishes for glochidia transformation. |
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The book includes a range of food pathogens, from bacteria and viruses to mycotoxins. |
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Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. |
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Humans acquire the disease when an infected chigger bites them while feeding and inoculates Orientia tsutsugamushi pathogens. |
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Now it might be possible to eliminate pathogens in the seeds of sprouts by using radio frequency dielectric heating. |
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We no longer are dealing with pathogens, we are dealing with Superbugs. |
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The field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases, is closely related because many plant pathogens are fungi. |
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Fungi can break down manufactured materials and buildings, and become significant pathogens of humans and other animals. |
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Several of these families include vectors of plant viruses and phytoplasmas, some of which are pathogens of palms. |
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Methylene blue is a thiazine dye that combined with light can inactivate pathogens in the blood. |
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Ranaviruses are emerging pathogens of ectothermic vertebrates with a global distribution. |
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Brucellae pathogens are isolated somewhat more frequently than the previously discussed bacteria. |
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Identification was made using morphological characteristics of the pathogens and comparison with appropriate literature. |
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There are two other bodily fluids that have not been shown to carry pathogens, these being tears and sweat. |
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Many species occur as saprobes, some live endophytically, whereas others are root pathogens. |
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The commonly recorded bacterial pathogens of the house sparrow are often those common in humans, and include Salmonella and Escherichia coli. |
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Biological elicitors are macromolecules, either from plants or pathogens that mediate defence reactions. |
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Nosodes are preparations potentized from pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. |
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The test also revealed that mobile phones have 10 times the amount of germs and pathogens than a toilet seat which can cause nausea and stomach upsets. |
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Fosfomycin is a phosphonic acid derivative with antibacterial activity against a wide range of gram-negative pathogens and some gram-positive pathogens. |
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Blood may also be used to pathogens and arthropod borne viruses. |
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It is often imperative that medical waste be subjected to the high temperatures of incineration to destroy pathogens and toxic contamination it contains. |
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Because they are filter feeders, bivalve mollusks are biologically relevant sentinels and can indicate potential pathogens that are contaminating the environment. |
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In the UK, most seed potatoes originate in Scotland in areas where westerly winds prevent aphid attack and thus prevent spread of potato virus pathogens. |
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As opportunistic pathogens they may overgrow the normal skin flora and cause skin diseases like intertrigo and candidiasis in diabetics, adipose and immunodeficient subjects. |
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But exploitation during westward expansion, as well as the installment of domestic sheep, which can host pathogens fatal to wild sheep, drastically reduced these numbers. |
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Resveratrol is a stilbenoid and a phytoalexin, a class of compounds produced by some plants when under attack by pathogens such as bacteria or fungi. |
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The higher concentrations of migrating birds at stopover sites make them prone to parasites and pathogens, which require a heightened immune response. |
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Our methodology can be used for DNA extraction for molecular studies for isolation, speciation and drug susceptibility testing of these deadly pathogens. |
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The cell-mediated immune response is critical for controlling such pathogens because their intracellular location shelters them from antibody binding. |
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This book reviews key aspects of the surveillance, analysis and spread of foodborne pathogens at different stages of industrial food production and processing. |
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Because many terrestrial species remain taxonomically nondescribed, there is strong potential for continual emergence of unknown pathogens worldwide. |
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Other pathogens include anthracnose, bacterial soft rot, blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, bulb nematodes, other rots including blue molds, black molds and mushy rot. |
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Influenza A viruses and avian paramyxoviruses are important pathogens of poultry worldwide, and both commonly occur in wild waterfowl, especially ducks in the family Anatidae. |
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Shipping fever in cattle and sheep, and enzootic pneumonia of sheep and goats are considered caused by Pasteurella multocida, alone or associated to other pathogens. |
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In particular, advanced real time PCR technology is increasingly being used in the rapid detection of food pathogens and spoilage micro-organisms. |
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Bacterial meningitis in childhood is almost exclusively caused by the respiratory tract pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. |
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Knowledge of the protective antigens and specific acquired host immune factors is more complete for primary pathogens than for opportunistic pathogens. |
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Bare fallow in the season before planting can be effective in reducing pathogen populations by depleting the food base for facultatively saprobic pathogens. |
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Hematodinium is a genus that contains major pathogens of a wide variety of decapod crustaceans, although its internal taxonomy is poorly resolved. |
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Infection with most pathogens does not result in death of the host and the offending organism is ultimately cleared after the symptoms of the disease have waned. |
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Activation of the complement system by antigens or by surface pathogens finally leads to taxis of inflammatory cells, opsonisation of pathogens and destroy of pathogens. |
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The ScourCheck scheme, which analyses calf faeces for infectious scour pathogens, found the cryptosporidia parasite was present in almost four out of 10 samples this year. |
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Argasid ticks can also release pathogens through excess liquid excreted from the coxal glands located adjacent to the first segment of the front legs. |
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As was the case with the AOE study, none of the pathogens was resistant to ciprofloxacin prior to therapy, and none became resistant to ciprofloxacin during therapy. |
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In contrast to vancomycin, ceftobiprole has in vitro microbiological activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. |
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Effects of tick control by acaricide self-treatment of white-tailed deer on host-seeking tick infection prevalence and entomologic risk for Ixodes scapularis-borne pathogens. |
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More than 100 pathogens associated with the housefly may cause diseases in humans and animals and bluebottles are thought to be carriers of disease too. |
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Several genes required for sensing of mycorrhizal symbionts and subsequent colonization have been shown to affect interaction with root pathogens. |
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The major focus will be on the human genome and proteome, with special reference to pharmacogenomics, as well as eukaryotic animal models and important human pathogens. |
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Turkish researchers said that dishwashers with their moist, warm environment are a 'major indoor niche' for harmful fungal pathogens, the New York Daily News reported. |
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Microbial diversities and environmental pathogens within drinking water biofilms grown on the common premise plumbing materials unplasticized polyvinylchloride and copper. |
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Other nanoparticles can remove oxygen from inside food packaging, and silver-based nanoparticles have also been proven to kill microorganisms, including some pathogens. |
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The pilot tests demonstrated that the Pall Aria UF membrane system successfully and efficiently removed microbial pathogens and particulate contaminants from the source water. |
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Like head lice, pubic lice are not known to transmit pathogens. |
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The alcohol, hops, and some ingredients in gruit used to preserve some ales may have contributed to their lower load of pathogens, when compared to water. |
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In the immunocompetent patient the presence of extrapulmonary symptoms, such as diarrhoea, headache and myalgia, suggests infection with the so-called atypical pathogens. |
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The peregrine falcon is host to a range of parasites and pathogens. |
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We look forward to the approval of the Intercept Platelet System and working with Baxter to launch the first system to inactivate pathogens in platelets. |
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